In general, weight, dry volume, and liquid volume are the three methods used to calculate component quantities in recipes. If a recipe asks for an ingredient in ounces or pounds and it is properly worded, you weigh it or, in many situations, approximate the weight. A volume measure is required when a recipe calls for teaspoons, tablespoons, cups, quarts, etc. Dry materials, such as flour, rice, or sugar, must be measured in a dry measuring cup; fill the cup to the brim, then scrape flat to obtain an exact measurement. Simply fill a graduated liquid measure cup to the line with liquids such as milk, water, or broth.

When cooking, keep this in mind: accurate measurements are essential for bread and spaghetti dough, dessert cakes, crusts, and fillings. Good skills are significantly more essential than precise measures in everyday cooking!

Common abbreviations

top view measuring spoons with spices 1
t = Teaspoon
tsp = Teaspoon
T = Tablespoon
Tbsp = Tablespoon
c = Cup
oz = Ounce
pt = Pint
qt = Quart
gal = Gallon
lb = Pound
# = Pound

Measurement equivalents

1 Tbsp = 3 Tsp
1/16 C = 1 Tbsp
1/8 C = 2 Tbsp
1/6 C = 2 Tbsp + 2 Tsp
1/4 C = 4 Tbsp
1/3 C = 5 Tbsp + 1 Tsp
3/8 C = 6 Tbsp
1/2 C = 7 Tbsp
2/3 C = 10 Tbsp + 2 Tsp
3/4 C = 12 Tbsp
1 C = 16 Tbsp or 16 Tsp
8 Fl Oz = 1 C
1 Pt = 2 C
1 Qt = 2 pt
1 Qt = 4 C
1 Gal = 4 Qt
1 Gal = 8 Pt
1 Gal = 16 C
16 Oz = 1 Lb
Dash/Pinch = <1/8 Tsp
Oven temperature

Oven temperatures

Warming 200°F
93°C
Very Slow 250°F – 275°F
121°C – 135°C
Slow 300°F – 325°F
149°C – 163°C
Moderate 350°F – 375°F
177°C – 191°C
Hot 400°F – 425°F
204°C – 218°C
Very Hot 450°F – 475°F/
232°C – 246°C